The fluid circulation in the engine is provided by a centrifugal pump mounted in front of the cylinder block. The heated liquid heats the damper body and the suction manifold. On vehicles with automatic transmission, a transmission fluid cooler is mounted at the bottom of the radiator. On vehicles with air conditioning, a condenser is installed in front of the radiator. The cooling fan impeller is driven by a hydraulic clutch. On some cars, a thermostat is built into the clutch, i.e. the fan is switched on after the engine has warmed up, when the impeller is engaged with the shaft by means of a thermobimetallic helical spring. The clutch is non-separable, it does not require maintenance.
1.2 Cooling system for 4-cylinder engines
1. Thermostat; 2. From the heater; 3. To the heater; 4. damper body; 5. Thermostat valve
Antifreeze
The cooling system is filled with a mixture of antifreeze and water in a ratio of 50/50 to 70/30.