The outer trunnions of the shafts are also equipped with slots, threaded into the hubs of the driving wheels and fixed in them with large hub nuts.
The inner ends of the drive shafts are equipped with constant velocity joints (SHRUS) sliding type, providing freedom of both tilting the assemblies at different angles, and their longitudinal displacement in a certain range. The main working element of internal CV joints is a double compensation bearing assembly, consisting of ball bearings placed between the inner race and the outer cage. The hinges can be disassembled to clean the components and check their condition. In case of detection of fatal defects, the failed hinge is replaced as an assembly.
The outer ends of the drive shafts are equipped with Rzeppa CV joints (pronounced "sheppa") or "Birfield", also consisting of ball bearings placed between the inner cage and the outer separator, however, the design of these hinges, unlike the internal ones, provides only the angular degree of freedom of the components, with no possibility of longitudinal movement. These hinges are not subject to disassembly and in case of malfunction must be replaced.
The condition of the protective covers of the CV joints should be checked on a regular basis. In the event of cuts or cracks, failed covers must be replaced, and the hinges re-packed with fresh grease. The covers are replaced after the preliminary dismantling of the drive shafts (see Section Removal and installation of power shafts).
Note. In auto accessories stores, you can find split CV joint covers. The installation of such covers can be made on the shafts installed on the vehicle, which is not recommended, since when replacing the covers, you should always check the internal condition of the hinges.
The most common sign of CV joint wear/damage, apart from loss of lubrication, is the squeaking noise coming from the front wheel hubs during turns (usually the rattle is produced by the inner wheel along the turning radius). It is also possible that such sounds will occur in combination with a sharply increasing vibration during vehicle acceleration. To check the condition of the CV joints, grab the shaft with one hand and the hinge body with the other and, while trying to rotate the components in opposite directions, evaluate the amount of play that occurs. The presence of any noticeable play indicates wear on the splines or internal components of the bearing assembly. At the same time, inspect the shafts for cracks, deformations, and other mechanical damage.